Myers AP Psychology Notes Unit 1 Psychology’s History and Its Approaches Physio Ex. Temporal lobes lobes that process sounds, including speech, involved in storing long term auditory memories (Cerebral cortex) Corpus Callosum communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres Peripheral Nervous System nervous system that carries messages to and from the Central Message System (consists of the Somatic, Autonomic, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic Nervous systems) Somatic Nervous system nervous system involved with voluntary muscle movement Autonomic Nervous System nervous system that controls involuntary body functions Sympathetic Nervous System nervous system that arouses the body to expend energy Parasympathetic Nervous System nervous system that calms the body to conserve and maintain energy Dendrite part of the neuron that receives signals Soma cell body of the neuron, provides energy for functioning Axon neuron tube that action potential travels through Myelin sheath provides insulation for the myelin sheath Node of Ranvier gaps that increase reaction rate of action potential in myelin sheath Synapse gap between dendrites where chemical exchanges occur Dopamine a neurotransmitter that produces sensations of pleasure and reward Serotonin a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep and dreaming, mood Endorphins a neurotransmitter that produce pleasurable sensations and control of pain Acetylcholine the primary neurotransmitter used for muscle movement and mental memory Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter used by almost every region of the brain, used to control basic life functions (heart rate, stress, sleep.) Glutamate The primary excitatory neurotransmitter, the inducer chemical, also involved in learning and memory, agonist GABA The primary inhibitory neuron, slows down reactions, antagonist Terminal buttons area of the neuron where action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse Resting Potential the electrical charge of a neuron in it's inactive state (-70 microvolts) Depolarization the phase in a neuron when the charge starts to become less negative and more positive Action Potential the phase when a neuron 'fires,' a positive charge travels down the axon and triggers the terminal buttons, pertains to the all-or-nothing principle Refractory period the phase when a neuron regains it's resting potential Central Nervous System Nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord. the autonomic nervous system the peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic nervous system (sns) and the. (Parietal Lobe) Occipital lobes regions at the back of the brain, housing the visual cortex (Cerbral cortex) Visual cortex visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital and temporal lobes. (cerebral cortex) motor cortex a narrow vertical strip of cortex in the frontal lobes, controls voluntary movement (cerebral cortex) parietal lobes cortical areas lying toward the back and top of the brain involved in touch sensation and in perceiving spatial relationships.(cerebral cortex) Somatosensory cortex A strip of the parietal lobe lying just behind the central fissure.

Frontal lobes Cortical regions at the front of the brain that are involved in movement and in thinking.

Somatic nervous system ap psychology